تلت مقاطع جديدة بحاجة لترجمة
1905
Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (pronounced [ˈxɛnrɨk ˈadam alɛˈksandɛr ˈpʲus ɕɛnˈkʲevʲiʧ]; also known as "Litwos" [ˈlitfɔs]; May 5, 1846–November 15, 1916) was a Polish journalist and Nobel Prize-winning novelist. He was one of the most popular Polish writers at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905 for his "outstanding merits as an epic writer."
Born into a family with aristocratic origins in Wola Okrzejska, in Russian-ruled Poland/Lithuania, Sienkiewicz wrote historical novels set during the
Rzeczpospolita (Polish Republic, or Commonwealth). His works were noted for their negative portrayal of the Teutonic Order in
The Teutonic Knights (
Krzyżacy), which was remarkable as a significant portion of his readership lived under German rule. Many of his novels were first serialized in newspapers, and even today are still in print. In Poland, he is best known for his historical novels "With Fire and Sword", "The Deluge", and "Fire in the Steppe" (
The Trilogy) set during the 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, while internationally he is best known for
Quo Vadis, set in Nero's Rome.
Quo Vadis has been filmed several times, most notably the 1951 version.
Sienkiewicz was meticulous in preserving the authenticity of historical language. In the trilogy, for instance, he had his characters use the Polish language as it was spoken in the seventeenth century. In
Krzyżacy, which relates to the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, he even had his characters speak a variety of medieval Polish which he recreated by utilizing many of the archaic expressions then still common among the highlanders of Podhale.
Sienkiewicz married Maria Szetkiewicz (1854-1885) in 1881 and they had two children, Henryk (1882-1959) and Jadwiga.
Chief novels- The Trilogy (Trylogia), comprising:
- With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i mieczem, 1884), which took place during the 17th century Cossack revolt known as the Chmielnicki Uprising; made into a movie with the same title;
- The Deluge (Potop, 1886), describing the Swedish invasion of Poland known as The Deluge; made into a movie with the same title;
- Fire in the Steppe (Pan Wołodyjowski, 188
, which took place during wars with the Ottoman Empire in the late 17th century; made into a film titled Colonel Wolodyjowski.
- The Teutonic Knights, also translated as The Knights of the Cross, ISBN 0-7818-0433-7 (Krzyżacy, 1900, relating to the Battle of Grunwald); made into a movie with the same title in 1960 by Aleksander Ford.
- Quo Vadis (1895).
- In Desert and Wilderness (W pustyni i w puszczy, 1912).
- The Polaniecki Family (Rodzina Połanieckich, 1894).
- Without Dogma (Bez dogmatu, 1891).